Chứng minh
1.\(\frac{h_a}{h_b}=\frac{sinA}{sinB}\)
2.\(cotA+cotB+cotC\ge\sqrt{3}\)
3.\(\left(b^2-c^2\right)cosA=a\left(c.cosC-b.cosB\right)\)
4.\(a^2=b^2+c^2-4S.cotA\)
5.\(a^2+b^2\ge\frac{4S}{sinC}\)
Bài 14 : Cho ΔABC . CMR: \(\frac{tanA}{tanB}=\frac{c^2+a^2-b^2}{c^2+b^2-a^2}\)
Bài 15 : Cho ΔABC có \(\frac{c}{b}=\frac{m_b}{m_c}\ne1.CMR:2a^2=b^2+c^2\)
Bài 16: Cho ΔABC có b + c =2a . CMR : \(\frac{2}{h_a}=\frac{1}{h_b}+\frac{1}{h_c}\)
Bài 17: Cho ΔABC . CMR : S = Pr(sinA+sinB+sinC)
Bài 18: Cho ΔABC có \(a^4=b^4+c^4.CMR:a^2< b^2+c^2.\)Suy ra ΔABC nhọn
Bài 19:Cho ΔABC . CMR: cotA+cotB+cotC = \(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)R}{abc}\)
Bài 20 : Cho ΔABC có a=2bc.cosC . ΔABC có đặc điểm gì
b. Chứng minh
\(1.bc.cosA+ca.cosB+ab.cosC=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(2,\frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{h_a}+\frac{1}{h_b}+\frac{1}{h_c}\)
Bài 14.
Áp dụng định lí hàm số Cô sin, ta có:
\(\dfrac{{{\mathop{\rm tanA}\nolimits} }}{{\tan B}} = \dfrac{{\sin A.\cos B}}{{\cos A.\sin B}} = \dfrac{{\dfrac{a}{{2R}}.\dfrac{{{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}}}{{2ac}}}}{{\dfrac{b}{{2R}}.\dfrac{{{c^2} + {b^2} - {a^2}}}{{2bc}}}} = \dfrac{{{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}}}{{{c^2} + {b^2} - {a^2}}} \)
Bài 19.
Áp dụng định lí sin và định lí Cô sin, ta có:
\( \cot A + \cot B + \cot C\\ = \dfrac{{R\left( {{b^2} + {c^2} - {a^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} + \dfrac{{R\left( {{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} + \dfrac{{R\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} - {c^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} = \dfrac{{R\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2}} \right)}}{{abc}}\left( {dpcm} \right) \)
Bài 16.
Đối với tam giác ABC ta có: \(S = \dfrac{1}{2}ab\sin C = \dfrac{1}{2}{h_C}.c = \dfrac{{abc}}{{4R}} \)
Ta suy ra \({h_c} = \dfrac{{ab}}{{2R}} \). Tương tự ta có \({h_b} = \dfrac{{ac}}{{2R}},{h_a} = \dfrac{{bc}}{{2R}} \)
Do đó:
\(\dfrac{1}{{{h_b}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{h_c}}} = 2R\left( {\dfrac{1}{{ac}} + \dfrac{1}{{ab}}} \right) = 2R\dfrac{{b + c}}{{abc}}\ \)mà $b + c = 2a$
Nên \(\dfrac{1}{{{h_b}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{h_c}}} = \dfrac{{2R.2a}}{{abc}} = \dfrac{{2R.2}}{{bc}} = \dfrac{2}{{{h_a}}} \)
Vậy \(\dfrac{2}{{{h_a}}} = \dfrac{1}{{{h_b}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{h_c}}} \)
Cho tam giác ABC có diện tích là S. BC = a, AC = b, AB = c. G là trọng tâm tam giác. Chứng minh rằng:
a/ \(cotA=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{4S}\)
b/ \(cotA+cotB+cotC=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4S}\)
c/ \(GA^2+GB^2+GC^2=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
d/ \(b^2-c^2=a\left(b.cosC-c.cosB\right)\)
a)Có \(b^2+c^2-a^2=cosA.2bc\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}bc.sinA\)\(\Rightarrow4S=2bc.sinA\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{4S}=\dfrac{cosA.2bc}{2bc.sinA}=cotA\) (dpcm)
b) CM tương tự câu a \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{4S}=\dfrac{cosB.2ac}{2ac.sinB}=cotB\); \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{4S}=\dfrac{cosC.2ab}{2ab.sinC}=cotC\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow cotA+cotB+cotC=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{4S}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{4S}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{4S}\)\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4S}\) (dpcm)
c) Gọi ma;mb;mc là độ dài các đường trung tuyến kẻ từ đỉnh A;B;C của tam giác ABC
Có \(GA^2+GB^2+GC^2=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(m_a^2+m_b^2+m_b^2\right)\)\(=\dfrac{4}{9}\left[\dfrac{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)-a^2}{4}+\dfrac{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)-b^2}{4}+\dfrac{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)-a^2}{4}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{9}.\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\) (đpcm)
d) Có \(a\left(b.cosC-c.cosB\right)=ab.cosC-ac.cosB\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2}-\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2}\)
\(=b^2-c^2\) (dpcm)
chứng minh các đẳng thức sau :
a)\(\frac{cos\left(a-b\right)}{cos\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{cota.cotb+1}{cota.cotb-1}\)
b)\(2\left(sin^6a+cos^6a\right)+1=3\left(sin^4a+cos^4a\right)\)
c)\(\frac{tana-tanb}{cotb-cota}=tanatanb\)
d)\(\left(cotx+tanx\right)^2-\left(cotx-tanx\right)^2=4\)
e)\(\frac{sin^3a+cos^3a}{sina+cosa}=1-sinacosa\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(\frac{\cos (a-b)}{\cos (a+b)}=\frac{\cos a\cos b+\sin a\sin b}{\cos a\cos b-\sin a\sin b}=\frac{\frac{\cos a\cos b}{\sin a\sin b}+1}{\frac{\cos a\cos b}{\sin a\sin b}-1}=\frac{\cot a\cot b+1}{\cot a\cot b-1}\)
b)
\(2(\sin ^6a+\cos ^6a)+1=2(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)(\sin ^4a-\sin ^2a\cos ^2a+\cos ^4a)+1\)
\(=2(\sin ^4a-\sin ^2a\cos ^2a+\cos ^4a)+1\)
\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a+2\sin ^2a\cos ^2a)+1\)
\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)^2+1\)
\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-1^2+1=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)\)
c)
\(\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{cot b-\cot a}=\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\frac{1}{\tan b}-\frac{1}{\tan a}}\) (nhớ rằng \(\tan x.\cot x=1\rightarrow \cot x=\frac{1}{\tan x}\) )
\(=\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\tan a\tan b}}=\tan a\tan b\)
d)
\((\cot x+\tan x)^2-(\cot x-\tan x)^2=(\cot ^2x+\tan ^2x+2\cot x\tan x)-(\cot ^2x-2\cot x\tan x+\tan ^2x)\)
\(=4\cot x\tan x=4.1=4\)
e)
\(\frac{\sin ^3a+\cos ^3a}{\sin a+\cos a}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a)(\sin ^2a-\sin a\cos a+\cos ^2a)}{\sin a+\cos a}\)
\(=\sin ^2a-\sin a\cos a+\cos ^2a=(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)-\sin a\cos a=1-\sin a\cos a\)
Vậy ta có đpcm.
Chứng minh trong tam giác ABC:
a. b\(^2-c^2\) = a.(b.cosC - c.cosB)
b. \(\left(b^2-c^2\right)\)cosA = a. (c. cosC - b.cosB)
c. cotA + cotB + cotC = \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\). R
a/ \(b^2-c^2=ab.cosC-ac.cosB\)
Ta có: \(b.cosC-c.cosB=ab.\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}-ac.\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2}-\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2}=\dfrac{2b^2-2c^2}{2}=b^2-c^2\) (đpcm)
b/ \(ac.cosC-ab.cosB=ac.\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}-ab.\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{c^2\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)-b^2\left(a^2+c^2-b^2\right)}{2bc}=\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2-\left(ab\right)^2+b^4-c^4}{2bc}\)
\(=\dfrac{-a^2\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(b^2-c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{2bc}=\left(b^2-c^2\right).\dfrac{\left(b^2+c^2-a^2\right)}{2bc}\)
\(=\left(b^2-c^2\right).cosA\) (đpcm)
c/ \(cotA+cotB+cotC=\dfrac{cosA}{sinA}+\dfrac{cosB}{sinB}+\dfrac{cosC}{sinC}=\dfrac{2R.cosA}{a}+\dfrac{2R.cosB}{b}+\dfrac{2R.cosC}{c}\)
\(=2R\left(\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2abc}\right)\)
\(=2R\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2abc}\right)=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}.R\) (đpcm)
1.Chứng minh rằng :
\(4\sqrt[4]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+4\right)\left(c-2\right)\left(d-3\right)}\le a+b+c+d\)với \(a\ge-1;b\ge-4;c\ge2;d>3\)
2. Chứng minh rằng :
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{b^2}{c^5}+\frac{c^2}{d^5}+\frac{d^2}{a^5}\ge\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\)với \(a,b,c,d>0\)
Câu 1:
\(4\sqrt[4]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+4\right)\left(c-2\right)\left(d-3\right)}\le a+1+b+4+c-2+d-3=a+b+c+d\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a = -1; b = -4; c = 2; d= 3
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^2b}\ge\frac{2}{b^3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}\ge\frac{2}{b^3}-\frac{1}{a^2b}\)
\(\frac{2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge\frac{3}{a^2b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a^2b}\le\frac{2}{3a^3}+\frac{1}{3b^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{b^5}\ge\Sigma\left(\frac{5}{3b^3}-\frac{2}{3a^3}\right)=\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\)
ta sẽ giết ngươi kí tên dép đờ kiu lờ
Cho a,b,c>0 và \(ab+bc+ca\ge\frac{4}{3}\).chứng minh
\(\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{181}}{5}\)
Cho a,b,c > 0 và ab + bc + ca \(\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Chứng minh :
\(\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{181}}{5}\)
#: Lỡ hẹn với Mincopxki rồi xài cách khác vậy :(
Đặt \(a=\frac{2x}{3};b=\frac{2y}{3};c=\frac{2z}{3}\)
Khi đó ta có \(xy+yz+xz\ge3\) và cần chứng minh
\(Σ_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{4x^2}{9}+\frac{9}{\left(2y+3\right)^2}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{181}}{5}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:\(Σ_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{4x^2}{9}+\frac{9}{\left(2y+3\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{15}{\sqrt{181}}Σ_{cyc}\sqrt{\left(\frac{4}{9}+\frac{9}{25}\right)\left(\frac{4x^2}{9}+\frac{9}{\left(2y+3\right)^2}\right)}\ge\frac{15}{\sqrt{181}}Σ_{cyc}\left(\frac{4x}{9}+\frac{9}{5\left(2y+3\right)}\right)\)
Giờ chỉ cần chứng minh \(\frac{15}{\sqrt{181}}Σ_{cyc}\left(\frac{4x}{9}+\frac{9}{5\left(2y+3\right)}\right)\ge\frac{\sqrt{181}}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20\left(x+y+z\right)+81\left(\frac{1}{2x+3}+\frac{1}{2y+3}+\frac{1}{2z+3}\right)\ge\frac{543}{5}\)
Đặt tiếp \(x+y+z=3u;xy+yz+xz=3v^2\left(v>0\right)\)
Vì thế \(u\ge v\ge1\)và áp dụng BĐT C-S dạng Engel ta có:
\(20\left(x+y+z\right)+81\left(\frac{1}{2x+3}+\frac{1}{2y+3}+\frac{1}{2z+3}\right)-\frac{543}{5}\)
\(\ge20\left(x+y+z\right)+81\cdot\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{Σ_{cyc}\left(2x+3\right)}-\frac{543}{5}=60u+\frac{729}{6u+9}-\frac{543}{5}\)
\(=3\left(20u+\frac{81}{2u+3}-\frac{181}{5}\right)=\frac{6\left(u-1\right)\left(100u+69\right)}{5\left(2u+3\right)}\ge0\)
Điều này đúng tức là ta có ĐPCM
1) Cho a, b, c > 0. Chứng minh: \(\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
2) Cho \(a,b,c\in R\).
a) Chứng minh: \(\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)
b) Chứng minh: \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)
3) Cho \(a,b,c\in R\)Chứng minh: \(\frac{a^3}{b^2}+\frac{b^3}{c^2}+\frac{c^3}{a^2}\ge\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\)
2) Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet, trong ba số \(a^2-1;b^2-1;c^2-1\) có ít nhất hai số nằm cùng phía với 1.
Giả sử đó là a2 - 1 và b2 - 1. Khi đó \(\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+3a^2+3b^2+9\ge4a^2+4b^2+8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\) (2)
Mà \(4\left[\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\right]\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (3)(Áp dụng Bunhicopxki và cái ngoặc vuông)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có đpcm.
Sai thì chịu
Xí quên bài 2 b:v
b) Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(b^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
Suy ra \(a^2b^2-\frac{1}{4}a^2-\frac{1}{4}b^2+\frac{1}{16}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\frac{5}{4}a^2+\frac{5}{4}b^2+\frac{15}{16}\)
Hay \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+c^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{2}c+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki) (đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Cách nữa cho bài 2:
2a) Ta có: \(4\left(a^2+1+2\right)\left(1+1+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{2}\right)\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)
Hay \(4\left(a^2+3\right)\left(2+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{2}\right)\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2=VP\)
Như vậy ta quy bài toán về chứng minh: \(\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(2+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2c^2+b^2+c^2+1\ge4bc\Leftrightarrow\left(bc-1\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
b) Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:\(\left(a^2+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{4}+b^2+c^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+c^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\ge\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)
Từ đó ta có thể quy bài toán về chứng minh: \(\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(b^2+c^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
...
Bài 3:Sửa đề a, b, c >0
Có: \(\frac{a^3}{b^2}+\frac{a^3}{b^2}+b\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^6}{b^3}}=\frac{3a^2}{b}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{2b^3}{c^2}+c\ge\frac{3b^2}{c};\frac{2c^3}{a^2}+a\ge\frac{3c^2}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên: \(2\left(\frac{a^3}{b^2}+\frac{b^3}{c^2}+\frac{c^3}{a^2}\right)+a+b+c\ge3\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge2\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)+a+b+c\)
Từ đó ta có đpcm.
Cmr trong mọi tam giác ABC
a) \(\frac{\sin\left(A-B\right)}{\sin C}\)= \(\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2}\)
b) cotA + cotB + cotC = \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4S}\)